MRI of the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

MRI of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a safe, non-invasive and highly informative diagnostic method used to evaluate joint structures, ligaments, articular discs, and surrounding soft tissues. It is the gold standard for diagnosing displacement of the joint disc, inflammatory changes, trauma, degenerative processes, and functional disorders of the TMJ.

When MRI of the TMJ Is Recommended

• headaches, dizziness, or facial pain;
• pain or discomfort while chewing;
• clicking or popping when opening or closing the mouth;
• reduced range of jaw motion;
• suspected subluxation or functional displacement;
• trauma and post-traumatic changes;
• developmental abnormalities or bite disorders;
• hearing changes or ear fullness due to TMJ compression.

What the MRI Shows

• position and mobility of the articular disc;
• displacement of the mandibular head;
• cartilage damage and degenerative changes;
• inflammation or edema of periarticular tissues;
• muscle structure changes and asymmetry;
• signs of osteoarthritis or trauma.

How the Procedure Is Performed

The exam is performed with the mouth both closed and open to evaluate functional mobility. Before entering the MRI room, patients must remove all metallic items. The procedure lasts 20–40 minutes without contrast and up to 60 minutes if contrast enhancement is required.