MSCT of the Urinary System
Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) of the urinary system is a highly informative diagnostic method that provides detailed visualization of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. Depending on the protocol, the technique also allows assessment of the vascular structures responsible for blood supply to these organs. MSCT is widely used for early detection of urological diseases, evaluating treatment effectiveness and ruling out or confirming oncological processes.
When MSCT of the Urinary System Is Performed
The examination is prescribed in the following cases:
- suspected tumors of the kidneys, ureters or bladder;
- urolithiasis (kidney stones);
- trauma to the urinary system;
- inflammatory and infectious processes;
- congenital abnormalities of the urinary tract;
- polycystic kidney disease and hydronephrosis;
- sexually transmitted infections affecting the urinary organs;
- follow-up after kidney transplantation;
- evaluation of ongoing therapy.
What the Examination Shows
- stones, their size, number and location;
- structural abnormalities of the urinary system;
- benign and malignant tumors;
- metastatic lesions;
- enlarged or damaged lymph nodes.
How MSCT of the Urinary System Is Performed
The procedure is performed on an empty stomach. If the examination is scheduled for the morning, breakfast is not allowed. If the scan is planned for the afternoon, a light breakfast is permitted but lunch should be avoided. Bowel cleansing with Fortrans or an enema may be required.
For optimal image quality, MSCT should be performed with a full bladder. The patient is advised to drink about 1 liter of water one hour before the scan and avoid urination.
The patient lies on the table in a prone or lateral position. Immobilization devices may be used to minimize movement. The table moves inside the CT gantry, where the scanning occurs.
If contrast enhancement is required, the contrast agent is administered orally or as an enema immediately before scanning. During the procedure, the doctor may ask the patient to briefly hold their breath to ensure maximum image clarity.
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